In the past two decades, there has been a disturbing rise in the prevalence of high blood pressure and kidney disease across the world, in developing countries like India. Recent reports indicate a rise in cases of high blood pressure (BP) and kidney diseases among children. These conditions, usually associated with adults, are becoming increasingly prevalent in the younger population. We got in touch with Dr Prakash Chandra Shetty, Urologist, DR L H Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai who shares causes and tips to manage BP and kidney health in kids.
“The relationship between blood pressure and kidney health is complex as on one hand, the kidneys regulate blood pressure through fluid balance and hormonal influences on blood vessel tone. Meanwhile, on the other hand, high blood pressure can damage or rupture the delicate blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney diseases. This creates a vicious cycle where each condition worsens the other.
Causes Behind the Rise
Dr Prakash Chandra Shetty shares that several factors contribute to the increase in hypertension and kidney diseases among children. These include:
Sedentary Lifestyle: Increased screen time and sedentary activities have led to a more inactive population. Lack of physical activity is closely linked to both hypertension and kidney diseases.
Unhealthy Diet: High consumption of processed foods and sugary drinks contributes to high-sodium diets, which significantly impact blood pressure and strain the kidneys.
Obesity: Excess weight puts additional strain on the heart, increasing blood pressure and the risk of kidney problems.
Chronic Stress: Anxiety, depression, and stress can elevate blood pressure and negatively impact overall health, including kidney function.
Environmental Factors: Pollution, pesticides, and other environmental contaminants can damage kidneys and raise blood pressure.
Genetics and Age: Some children have a genetic predisposition to hypertension and kidney diseases, which can be exacerbated by lifestyle factors. Additionally, age-related decline in kidney function is becoming more common due to increased life expectancy.
Type 2 Diabetes: The rise in type 2 diabetes, often undiagnosed initially, is a significant risk factor for both hypertension and kidney diseases. Many are unaware of their blood pressure levels or early signs of kidney malfunction, leading to late diagnosis and treatment.
Managing Blood Pressure and Kidney Health
Dr Prakash Chandra Shetty shares tips to manage blood pressure and kidney health in kids.
1. Regular Check-ups: Routine medical check-ups are essential for early detection of hypertension and kidney issues. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function tests can help identify problems before they escalate.
2. Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is crucial. The DASH diet, which limits sodium and saturated fats, is highly recommended.
3. Hydration: Adequate water intake helps preserve kidney function and regulate blood pressure. Aim for at least eight glasses of water daily.
4. Avoid Tobacco and Alcohol: Both tobacco and alcohol can raise blood pressure and damage kidney tissue. Moderation or complete abstinence is advisable.
5. Regular Exercise: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise daily, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling.
6. Stress Management: Practices like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can naturally lower blood pressure.
7. Weight Management: Losing excess weight can significantly impact blood pressure, easing the workload on the kidneys.
8. Sodium Intake: Limit sodium intake to no more than 5 grams daily. Be mindful of hidden salt in packaged foods and restaurant meals.
9. Safe Medication Use: Consult a doctor regarding safe medication usage, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can affect kidney function.
10. Blood Sugar Management: For those with diabetes or at risk, managing blood sugar levels is crucial to minimize the impact on the kidneys and circulatory system.
11. Awareness of Symptoms: Recognize key indicators of kidney disease and hypertension, such as changes in urine, swelling in extremities, and persistent fatigue.
12. Adequate Sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. Poor sleep patterns are linked to higher blood pressure and various medical conditions.
13. Caffeine Moderation: While moderate caffeine intake is safe for most, excessive consumption can raise blood pressure.
14. Potassium Intake: Potassium helps ease blood vessel pressure. However, those with kidney issues should consult a doctor before increasing potassium intake.
